Protein Informatics and Cheminformatics
Class 11 · Biotechnology
4 ideas in Class 11 Biotechnology, explained in plain words, with games and quizzes to practise.
Protein Data to Knowledge
Part of: Protein Computing
Raw inputs run from heat-aggregate images and solution samples to MALDI fragments, crystals, interaction files, NMR and MS spectra and genome-guessed hypothetical proteins, while NCBI PDB CHEMBL and BIOMODELS supply data and ANN SVM HMM plus network mapping turn them into properties and treatment targets.
Why it matters. Data-to-use plus tool names answer mapping questions.
Key words
- MALDI
- : Fragment-making laser method.
- Hypothetical protein
- : Genome-guessed unknown protein.
- HMM
- : Hidden pattern model.
- SBML
- : Systems biology markup language.
- Network mapping
- : Interaction charting method.
Try it in two minutes
- List eight inputs.
- Name four stores.
- Map use to input.
Try at home. Match each input to its payoff.
Predicting Protein Shapes
Part of: Protein Computing
pI below 7 reads acidic and above 7 reads basic with ProtParam computing it, aliphatic A V I L volume lifts heat tolerance, instability under 40 predicts stable while over 40 predicts unstable, GRAVY divides hydropathy sum by residue count with low aiding water contact, and homology MODELLER threading LIBELLULA and de novo QUARK build 3D models.
Why it matters. Cutoffs plus method choice answer prediction questions.
Key words
- Isoelectric point
- : Zero-net-charge pH.
- Aliphatic index
- : Heat-tolerance volume score.
- Instability index
- : Test-tube stability score.
- GRAVY
- : Average water-liking score.
- Homology modelling
- : Shape copy from relatives.
Try it in two minutes
- Split at 7 and 40.
- Divide the sum.
- Pick the method.
Try at home. Classify three pI and index values.
Chemistry in Computers
Part of: Chemistry Computing
Cheminformatics fuses physics chemistry biology maths and informatics for medicine design, CAS holds 219 million substances 70 million sequences and 8 billion values with PubChem ZINC and ChEMBL beside it, graphs store atoms as nodes and bonds as edges, bitstrings filter before exact subgraph matching, and pharmacophores stay ideas not molecules.
Why it matters. Scale plus graph plus search stages answer chemistry questions.
Key words
- Cheminformatics
- : Computing for chemistry problems.
- Virtual library
- : Makeable-molecule collection.
- Bitstring
- : Zero-one molecule screen.
- Atom mapping
- : Reactant-product atom match.
- Pharmacophore
- : Recognition-feature description.
Try it in two minutes
- Count the store.
- Graph the molecule.
- Filter then match.
Try at home. Name three chemical stores.
Rule of Five to Market
Part of: Chemistry Computing
Lipinski 1997 allows at most 5 donors 10 acceptors weight under 500 and logP under 5 with one violation at most, scores run 0 to 4 with under 3 dropped and natural products exempt, and the pipeline runs 5 to 6 years discovery of thousands then 7 to 8 years development of a few then 1 to 5 years delivery of one through ADME filters.
Why it matters. Four cutoffs plus funnel years answer screening questions.
Key words
- Lipinski rule
- : Oral medicine number screen.
- logP
- : Fat-versus-water score.
- ADME
- : Body-journey filter set.
- Virtual screening
- : Computer candidate ranking.
- Lead compound
- : Promising active molecule.
Try it in two minutes
- Check four numbers.
- Allow one slip.
- Walk three phases.
Try at home. Score two sample compounds.
What your child will practise
- Chemistry in Computers: Jungle Puzzle (Clue Puzzle)
- Chemistry in Computers: Jungle Quick Fire (Quick Fire)
- Predicting Protein Shapes: Candy Puzzle (Clue Puzzle)
- Protein Data to Knowledge: Ocean Quest (Flip and Match)
- Rule of Five to Market: Space Quick Fire (Quick Fire)
- Quiz: Chemistry in Computers (8 questions)
- Quiz: Predicting Protein Shapes (8 questions)
- Quiz: Protein Data to Knowledge (8 questions)
- Quiz: Rule of Five to Market (8 questions)