Introduction
Class 11 · Biotechnology
4 ideas in Class 11 Biotechnology, explained in plain words, with games and quizzes to practise.
What Biotechnology Is
Part of: New Science
Biotechnology uses living cells and molecules to make useful products. Ereky named it in 1917 for farm-scale meat, fat and milk. Ancient breeding and fermentation gave way to modern rDNA cut-join-transfer precision across medicine, crops, food and environment, coded Blue, Green, Red and White.
Why it matters. Definition plus ancient-modern split frames every chapter ahead.
Key words
- Biotechnology
- : Living systems making useful products.
- Ereky
- : 1917 coiner of the term.
- Ancient biotechnology
- : Breeding and fermentation practice.
- Modern biotechnology
- : rDNA-based precise manipulation.
- rDNA
- : Cut-joined transferred DNA.
- Green biotechnology
- : Crop and environment applications.
Try it in two minutes
- Join bio with technology.
- Date Ereky 1917.
- Colour four branches.
Try at home. Explain why curd counts as biotechnology.
Long Road
Part of: New Science
Janssen's 1590 magnifier led to Hooke's cork cells 1665 and Leeuwenhoek's animalcules 1676, then Schleiden-Schwann cell theory and Virchow 1858. Pasteur ended spontaneous generation, Buchner freed chemistry from cells 1896, Mendel 1857, Miescher 1869 and Flemming 1882 built genetics, crowned by Hershey-Chase 1952 and Watson-Crick 1953.
Why it matters. Discovery order plus contribution matching answers history questions.
Key words
- Cellulae
- : Hooke's cork chambers.
- Animalcules
- : Leeuwenhoek's pond life.
- Cell theory
- : All tissues are cells.
- Nuclein
- : Miescher's nucleic substance.
- Chromosome
- : Dividing thread bodies.
- Double helix
- : 1953 DNA structure.
Try it in two minutes
- Magnify 1590 to 1676.
- Cell all tissues.
- Material then shape.
Try at home. Explain why Buchner surprised vitalists.
Medicine, Crops, Food and Environment
Part of: Uses Everywhere
Microbes brew insulin, growth hormone and goat-milk clot proteins while gene therapy milestones run 1972 to 2011. Bt cotton, Flavr Savr and Golden Rice upgrade farms, biofuels replace petrol, and lux sensors, PCB eaters and metal-soaking plants clean environments.
Why it matters. Product-to-use matching dominates application questions.
Key words
- Insulin
- : rDNA diabetes hormone.
- Gene therapy
- : Good genes as medicine.
- Bt cotton
- : Larvae-proof transgenic cotton.
- Golden Rice
- : Beta-carotene enriched rice.
- Biofuel
- : Biological-process fuel.
- Bioremediation
- : Organism-led cleanup.
Try it in two minutes
- Brew three medicines.
- Plant three upgrades.
- Sense, eat, soak.
Try at home. Explain why Bt spares humans.
Biotechnology in India
Part of: India Rising
Serum late 1960s and Biocon 1978 led firms before NBTB 1982 became DBT 1986. India ranks top 12 globally and third in Asia Pacific across five segments with fourth-largest GM area, vaccinating one in two world children, exporting to 140 countries, launching Covaxin and ROTAVAC, and supplying 80 per cent of AIDS antiretrovirals.
Why it matters. Date chain plus share arithmetic answers India questions.
Key words
- DBT
- : 1986 biotechnology department.
- Serum Institute
- : Late-1960s vaccine giant.
- Biocon
- : 1978 biotech pioneer.
- Covaxin
- : Indigenous Covid-19 vaccine.
- ROTAVAC
- : Rotavirus diarrhoea vaccine.
- Bio-agri
- : Farm biotechnology segment.
Try it in two minutes
- Chain 1960s to 1986.
- Split five segments.
- Count vaccines worldwide.
Try at home. Explain why biopharma leads Indian biotech.
What your child will practise
- Biotechnology in India: Space Puzzle (Clue Puzzle)
- Biotechnology in India: Space Quick Fire (Quick Fire)
- Long Road: Ocean Puzzle (Clue Puzzle)
- Medicine, Crops, Food and Environment: Desert Quest (Flip and Match)
- What Biotechnology Is: Candy Quick Fire (Quick Fire)
- Quiz: Biotechnology in India (8 questions)
- Quiz: Long Road (8 questions)
- Quiz: Medicine, Crops, Food and Environment (8 questions)
- Quiz: What Biotechnology Is (8 questions)