Nationalism in India
Class 10 · Social Science
4 ideas in Class 10 Social Science, explained in plain words, with games and quizzes to practise.
War, satyagraha and Rowlatt
Part of: Suffering meets soul-force
The Great War swelled war spending through loans and fresh taxes while prices doubled across 1913 to 1918. Villages yielded unwilling recruits, then failed rains and flu hollowed homes, with twelve to thirteen million lost by the 1921 count. Hopes of relief died, till the South Africa-tested leader landed in January 1915 with soul-force: true cause, no malice, appeal to conscience. Bihar ryots in 1917, mill hands and Gujarat ryots in 1918 felt its touch. Then the 1919 councils' law let rulers cage suspects untried for two years, sparking the 6 April stay-away.
Why it matters. It shows the child how suffering plus method births movements.
Try it in two minutes
- Recall doubled prices, forced levies.
- Recall 1915 return, three satyagrahas.
- Link 1919 law to April hartal.
Try at home. Find what a hartal means and when one was called.
Khilafat and Non-Cooperation
Part of: Many dreams, one word
The fallen Ottoman throne's guardian drew Bombay's March 1919 panel and the Ali brothers toward Gandhi's tent, sealing Hindu-Muslim hands at Calcutta and Nagpur in late 1920. His 1909 booklet held rulers stood on our aid, so honours, courts and goods must go first. Towns emptied classes and courts while alien cloth imports sank sharply. Awadh tenants sought lighter dues and begar's end; Gudem hill folk blended khadi with arms; Assam hands trekked home hoping gifted fields. A February 1922 bazaar clash froze the drive.
Why it matters. It teaches the child that unity holds many meanings.
Try it in two minutes
- Recall titles, courts, goods exit.
- Recall 102 to 57 crore dip.
- Link Chauri flames to halt.
Try at home. Price khadi versus mill cloth in a shop.
Towards Civil Disobedience
Part of: Salt and struggle
Council-goers split from street-fighters as slump crushed harvest prices from 1926. An all-British panel landed in 1928 to jeers, and a vague 1929 overlordship offer failed. Lahore's December 1929 chair fixed full freedom and named 26 January. Salt, taxed and crown-held, framed the signal: eleven pleas, then seventy-eight walkers paced two-forty miles to boil brine on 6 April. Boycotts bloomed, Peshawar and Sholapur flared, a lakh filled cells, and the March 1931 pact traded talks for frees.
Why it matters. It shows the child how symbols turn taxes into revolts.
Try it in two minutes
- Recall 1928 slur, 1929 vow.
- Recall 78 walkers, 240 miles.
- Link 1931 pact to London talks.
Try at home. Walk a mile, count steps, grasp the march.
Limits and belonging
Part of: Whose freedom
The low-born sought school seats and separate ballots while temple doors stayed shut; a 1930 association, a London clash, a fast and the September 1932 Poona deal traded separate ballots for reserved chairs. Belonging grew through a hymn-born mother icon painted in 1905, bards' tales, lotus-moon and wheel flags, and past-glory histories that left some out. Then Cripps failed, Wardha resolved in July 1942, Bombay roared Do-or-Die in August, and pupils, hands and daughters courted cells for over a year.
Why it matters. It warns the child that freedom must house every voice.
Try it in two minutes
- Recall harijan, separate seats.
- Recall mother, folk, wheel flag.
- Link 1942 cry to mass jails.
Try at home. Draw a flag that welcomes every friend.
What your child will practise
- Khilafat and Non-Cooperation: Candy Quest (Flip and Match)
- Khilafat and Non-Cooperation: Candy Quick Fire (Quick Fire)
- Limits and belonging: Explorer'S Map Quest (Match It Up)
- Towards Civil Disobedience: Time Travel Sort (Sort It Out)
- War, satyagraha and Rowlatt: Desert Puzzle (Clue Puzzle)
- Quiz: Khilafat and Non-Cooperation (8 questions)
- Quiz: Limits and belonging (8 questions)
- Quiz: Towards Civil Disobedience (8 questions)
- Quiz: War, satyagraha and Rowlatt (8 questions)